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25. Vasiliev, p. 86.

26. Ammianus, History, vol. 3, 31.8.6; Socrates, Church History, 4.38, in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 2.

Глава 7. Восстановление государства

1. San-kuo chih 30, trans. Michael C. Rogers, in Peter H. Lee et ah, eds., Sourcebook of Korean Civilization, vol. 1 (1993), p. 17.

2. James Huntley Grayson, Early Buddhism and Christianity in Korea (1985), p. 19.

3. Chan Master Sheng Yen, Zen Wisdom (1993), p. 169; Ch’en, pp. 59–61.

4. Edward T. Ch’ien, «The Neo-Confucian Confrontation with Buddhism», Journal of Chinese Philosophy, 15 (1988), pp. 349–350; Ki-baik Lee, A New History of Korea, trans. Edward W. Wagner (1984), p. 38; Lee and deBary, p. 35.

5. Lee, New History of Korea, p. 37.

6. Grayson, Early Buddhism and Christianity in Korea, p. 26.

7. Lee, New History of Korea, p. 38; Lee and deBary (1993), p. 25; John Whitney Hall et ah, The Cambridge History of Japan (1988), p. 361.

Глава 8. Католическая церковь

1. Vasiliev, p. 79; Zosimus, book 4.

2. Gregory of Nyssa, «On the Divinity of the Son and of the Holy Spirit», in A. D. Lee,

Pagans and Christians in Late Antiquity (2000), p. 110.

3. Sozomen, Ecclesiastical History, 7.4, in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 2.

4. Vasiliev, p. 80; Codex Theodosianus, 16.1–2, in Theodosius, The Theodosian

Codes and Novels and the Sirmondian Consititutions, ed. Clyde Pharr, with Theresa Sherrer Davidson and Mary Brown Pharr (1952).

5. Sozomen, Ecclesiastical History, 7.12, in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 2.

6. Ibid.

7. Vasiliev, p. 87.

8. Scarre, p. 229.

9. Vasiliev, p. 81.

Глава 9. Отлучение от церкви

1. John Davies, A History of Wales (1993), p. 52.

2. О Hogain, pp. 206–207; Geoffrey of Monmouth, The History of the Kings of

Britain, trans. Lewis Thorpe 1966), 9.2.

3. Zosimus, book 4.

4. al-Tabari History, p. 68.

5. Walter Pohl, «The Vandals: Fragments of a Narrative», in A. H. Merrills, ed.,

Vandals, Romans and Berbers (2004), p. 34; Paulus Orosius, The Seven Books of History against the Pagans, trans. Roy J. Defarrari (1964), p. 352.

6. Ambrose of Milan, The Letters of St. Ambrose, Bishop of Milan, trans. H. Walford (1881), letter 20; George Huntston Williams, «Christology and Church-State Relations in the Fourth Century (concluded)», Church History, 20: 4 (1951), p. 5.

7. Sozomen, Ecclesiastical History, 7.13, in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 2.

8. Socrates, Ecclesiastical History, 5.14, in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 2; Orosius, book 7.

9. «The Memorial of Symmachus», in Ambrose of Milan, Letters, letter 7.

10. Ambrose of Milan, Letters, letter 8.

11. Sozomen, Ecclesiastical History, 7.25, in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 2.

12. Theodoret, Church History, 5.17, in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 3.

13. Vasiliev, p. 82.

Глава 10. Раскол

1. Orosius, book 7; Sozoman, Ecclesiastical History, 7.24 in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 2; Socrates, Ecclesiastical History 5.25, in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 12.

3. Finley Hooper, Roman Realities (1979), p. 536; Vasiliev, p. 90; Zosimus, book 5; J. B. Bury, A History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 1 (1966), p. 62.

4. Roger Collins, Early Medieval Europe, 300-1000, 2d ed. (1999), p. 30.

5. Ibid., pp. 23–24, 39.

6. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 1, p. 64; Vasiliev, p. 91.

7. Claudian, «Against Rufinus», in Claudian (1922), trans. Maurice Platnauer, pp. 88–89.

8. Ibid., p. 88; Zosimus, book 5.

9. Zosimus, book 5.

Глава 11. Захват Рима

1. Henry Chadwick, The Early Church (1967), p. 169; Kelly, Early Christian Doctrines, pp. 13–14.

2. Augustine, Confessions, trans. Henry Chadwick (1998), 8.12.

3. Norman Cantor, The Civilization of the Middle Ages (1984), p. 51.

4. Kelly, Early Christian Doctrines, p. 410–411.

5. Philip Schaff, ed., A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, vol.

4, first series (1889), p. 751.

6. Kelly, Early Christian Doctrines, p. 411.

7. Schaff, Select Library, vol. 4, p. 906.

8. Zosimus, book 5.

9. Procopius, History of the Wars, Secret History, and Buildings, trans. Averil Cameron (1967), 1.2.

10. Ibid.

11. Claudian, De Bello Gothico 16.

12. Thomas Hodgkin, Italy and Her Invaders (1892), pp. 721–723.

13. О Hogain, p. 208; Collins, pp. 13, 25.

14. J. B. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 1, p. 113.

15. Ibid., p. 117; Collins, p. 14; Gregory of Tours, The History of the Franks, trans. Lewis Thorpe (1974), 2.8.

16. Zosimus, book 6.

17. Jerome, «Letter CXXVII», in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 6.

Глава 12. Одна природа против двух

1. Agathias, The Histories, trans. Joseph D. Frendo (1975), 4.26.8.

2. al-Tabari, History, vol. 5, p. 71.

3. Thompson, p. 35.

4. al-Tabari, History, vol. 5, p. 73.

5. Ibid., pp. 88–89.

6. Procopius, History of the Wars, Secret History, and Buildings, 1.2.

7. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 1, p. 128.

8. George Ostrogorsky, History of the Byzantine State, rev. ed., trans. Joan Hussey (1969), p. 58.

9. Ugo Bianchi, «The Contribution of the Cologne Mani Codex to the Religio-Historical Study of Manicheism», in Mary Boyce, Papers in Honour of Professor Mary Boyce (1985), pp. 18–20.

Глава 13. В поисках отчизны

1. Jordanes, 30.157–158.

2. Ibid., 31-160.

3. Sozomen, Ecclesiastical History, 4.14, in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 2.

4. Collins, p. 25; О Hogain, p. 210.

5. J. M. Wallace-Hadrill, The Long-Haired Kings and Other Studies in Lrankish

History (1962), pp. 25–26; Orosius, book 7.

6. Peter Heather, The Goths (1996), pp. 148–149.

Глава 14. Упадок династии Гуптов

1. David Christian, A History of Russia, Inner Asia and Mongolia (1998), p. 248.

2. Procopius, History of the Wars, Secret History, and Buildings, book 3; Wilhelm Barthold, An Historical Geography of Iran, trans. Svat Soucek (1984), pp. 19–20; Thapar, Early India, p. 286.

3. Radha Kumud Mookerji, The Gupta Empire (1969), pp. 70, 74.

4. Sastri, History of South India (1966), p. 109.

5. D. K. Ganguly, The Imperial Guptas and Their Times (1987), pp. 108–109.

6. H. C. Ray, The Dynastic History of Northern India (Early Mediaeval Period),

2d ed., vol. 1 (1973), p. xxxiii; Mookerji, p. 92; Thapar, Early India, p. 286; Hermann Kulke, A History of India, 4th ed. (2004), p. 90.

7. Keay, p. 102; Sastri, History of South India, p. 444.

8. Sastri, History of South India, p. 83.

9. Ibid., p. 117.

10. Michael, pp. 96–97.

Глава 15. Северные амбиции

1. MacGowan (1897), p.201.

2. Ibid., p. 202.

3. Ibid., p. 208.

4. Gernet, pp. 175–176, 181.

5. Ibid., pp. 190–191.

6. Ch’en, p. 61.

7. Fabrizio Pregadio, Great Clarity (2005), p. 6.

8. Fitzgerald, China, p. 267.

9. MacGowan, p. 211.

10. Paludan, p. 219.

11. MacGowan, p. 214.

Глава 16. Гунны

1. Jordanes, 24. pp. 86–87.

2. Ammianus, Later Roman Empire, 31.2; Thompson, pp. 48, 54.

3. Thompson, p. 68.

4. Jordanes, 35.181–182.; Nestorius, The Bazaar of Heracleides, trans. G. R. Driver and Leonard Hodgson (1925), 2.2.

5. Leo the Great, «Letter XIV», in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 12.

6. Ostrogorsky, p. 59.

7. Thompson, p. 113.

8. Ibid., p. 116.

9. Priscus’s account as preserved in Jordanes, 24.178–179.

10. Thompson, pp. 144–145.

11. J. B. Bury, «Just Grata Honoria», The Journal of Roman Studies, 9 (1919), p. 9. 12.Ibid.

13. Jordanes, 42.224.

14. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 1, p. 199.

Глава 17. Аттила

1. Gregory of Tours, 2.6.

2. Ian Wood, The Merovingian Kingdoms, 450–751 (1994), p. 37.

3. Jordanes, book 38.

4. Hydatius, The Chronicle of Hydatius and the Consularia Constantinopolitana, trans. R. W. Burgess (1993), p. 101; Jordanes, book 40.

5. Jordanes, book 42.

6. Otto J. Maenchen-Helfen, The World of the Huns (1973), p. 141.

7. Ibid., p. 139; Hydatius, p. 103; Jordanes, book 43.

8. Ibid., book 49.

Глава 18. Правоверность

1. Kelly Early Christian Doctrines, pp. 331, 339; Letter 28, «To Flavian, commonly called ‘the Tome’» in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 12.

2. Collins, p. 74.

3. Letter 93, «From the Synod of Chalcedon to Leo»; Letter 104, «Leo, the Bishop, to Marcian Augustus»; Letter 105, «To Pulcheria Augusta about the self-seeking of Anatolius»; Letter 106, «To Anatolius, Bishop of Constantinople, in rebuke of his self-seeking», all in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 12.

4. Yeghishe, History ofVartan and the Armenian War, 2d ed. (1952), pp. 4, 11.

5. Ibid., p. 75.

6. al-Tabari, History, vol. 5, p. 109.

Глава 19. Верховные короли

1. О Hogain, р. 211. Точные даты царствования Ниалла определить невозможно; он правил в Ирландии где-то между 390 и 455 годами

2. Tom Peete Cross and Clark Harris Slover, eds., Ancient Irish Tales (1936), p. 510.

3. Ibid., p. 512.

4. Patrick, Confession, in Joseph Cullen Ayer, A Source Book for Ancient Church History (1913), pp. 568–569; Bede, Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English People, ed. Bertram Colgrave and R. A. B. Mynors (1969), 1.1.

5. Louise T. Moore et ah, «А Y-Chromosome Signature of Hegemony in Gaelic Ireland». The American Journal of Human Genetics, 78 (Feb. 2006), pp. 334–338.

6. О Hogain, pp. 212–213.

7. Gildas, The Ruin of Britain and Other Works, trans. Michael Winterbottom (1978), 19.1.

8. О Hogain, pp. 214, 217 (О Хогайн отмечает, что эти «источники… запутаны и в значительной степени ненадежны», давая лишь вероятную последовательность событий); Gildas, 23.1.

9. Bede, 1.15; Gildas, 23.4.

10. Geoffrey of Monmouth, 6.10.

11. Gildas, 24.2–3.

12. Nennius, History of the Britons, 42, in J. A. Giles, Old English Chronicles (1908).

13. M. J. Swanton, trans, and ed., The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, (1998), p. 13.

Глава 20. Конец римской легенды

1. С. D. Gordon, The Age of Attila (1960), p. 51.

2. Ibid., pp. 51–52; Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 1, pp. 182–183.

3. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 1, p. 235.

4. Procopius, History of the Wars and Buildings, trans. H. B. Dewing, vol. 2 (1916), 3.25–26.

5. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 1, p. 237.

6. Procopius, History of the Wars and Buildings, trans. H. B. Dewing, Vol. 5 (1928), VII.4-13.

7. Hydatius (1993), p. 113.

8. Ibid., p. 115.

9. Collins, p. 33.

10. Sidonius Apollinaris, Letters, trans. О. M. Dalton (1915), 1.5.

11.0 Hogain, p. 215.

12. Jordanes, 45.237–238.

13. Gordon, p. 122.

14. Jordanes, book 46, p. 119.

Глава 21. Остготы

1. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 1, pp. 230–231.

2. Ibid., p. 252.

3. Jordanes, 46.243.

4. Collins, p. 33; Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 1, pp. 278–279.

5. John Moorhead, Theodericin Italy (1992), pp. 16–17.

6. Ibid., pp. 19–20.

7. Anonymous Valensianus, quoted in Thomas S. Burns, A History of the Ostrogoths (1984), p. 72.

8. Moorhead, p. 30.

9. Ibid., pp. 73, 100–101,140-142.

10. Moorhead, p. 60; Procopius, History of the Wars and Buildings, trans.

H. B. Dewing, vol. 3 (1919), 5.2.

11. Gregory the Great, The Dialogues of St. Gregory, ed. Edmund G. Gardner (1911), 2.3.

12. Benedict, The Holy Rule of St. Benedict, trans. Boniface Verheyen, OSB (1949), prologue.

13. Gregory the Great, The Dialogues (1911), 11.12.

14. Henry Bettenson and Chris Maunder, eds., Documents of the Christian Church, 3rd ed. (1999), p. 141.

Глава 22. Византия

1. Joshua the Stylite, The Chronicle of Joshua the Stylite, trans. W. Wright (1882), 1.

2. Procopius, History of the Wars and Buildings, vol. 1 (1914), 1.3; Joshua the Stylite, 10–11.

3. Procopius, History of the Wars and Buildings, vol. 1,1.4; al-Tabari, History, vol. 5, p. m, 116; Joshua the Stylite, 11.

4. al-Tabari, History, vol. 5, pp. 128–129; Joshua the Stylite 18–19.

5. Mary Boyce, «On the Orthodoxy of Sasanian Zoroastrianism», Bulletin of the

School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 59: 1 (1996), p. 23.

6. Ehsan Yarshater, «Mazdakism», in Ehsan Yarshater, ed., The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 3(2) (1983), p. 1019.

7. al-Tabari, History, vol. 5, p. 132; Procopius, History of the Wars and Buildings, vol. 1, 1.5.

8. Procopius, History of the Wars and Buildings, vol. 1, 1.5.

9. al-Tabari, History, vol. 5, p. 136; Procopius, History of the Wars and Buildings, vol. 1 (1914), 1.6.

10. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 1, p. 290.

11. Procopius, History of the Wars and Buildings, vol. 1, 1.7; Joshua the Stylite, 53.

12. Procopius, History of the Wars and Buildings, vol. 1, 1.10.

13. Samuel Hazzard Cross and Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor, trans, and ed., The Russian Primary Chronicle (1953), p. 55; Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 1, p. 294.

14. Evagrius Scholasticus, Ecclesiastical History, trans. E. Walford (1846), 38.

15. Timothy Gregory, A History of Byzantium (2005), pp. 121–123.

16. Geoffrey Greatrex, «The Nika Riot: A Reappraisal», The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 117 (1997), p. 64.

17. Procopius, The Secret History, trans. G. A. Williamson (1966), p. 73.

Глава 23. Ожидания

1. Duan Wenjie, Dunhuang Art (1994), p. 127.

2. Gernet, pp. 192–193; J. A. G. Roberts, The Complete History of China (2003), pp. 68–69.

3. Joseph Needham et al., «Chemistry and Chemical Technology», in Science and Civilization in China vol. 3, part 3 (1976), p. 119.

4. Michael, pp. 96–97; W. Scott Morton and Charlton M. Lewis, China, 4th ed. (1995), pp. 77–78.

5. Richard Dawson, Imperial China (1972), p. 33.

6. Wong Kiew Kit, The Art of Shaolin Kung Fu (2002), p. 19.

7. Norman Kutcher, Mourning in Late Imperial China (1999), p. 93.

8. David A. Graff and Robin Higham, eds., A Military History of China (2002), p. 33; Roberts, p. 69; Dawson, p. 33.

9. MacGowan, p. 223.

10. Lee, New History of Korea, p. 40.

11. Ibid., pp. 38–40.

12. Ibid., p. 43; Keith Pratt, Korea (1999), p. 3.