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3. MacGowan, pp. 329–331.

4. Chye Kiang Heng, Cities of Aristocrats and Bureaucrats (1999), pp. 20, 78–81.

5. Roberts, p. 107.

6. de Вагу et ab, p. 374.

7. Gernet, p. 267.

8. Roberts, p. 96.

9. Gernet, p. 267.

10. Quoted in Heng, p. 73.

11. Twitchett et ab (1994), p. 56.

12. MacGowan, pp. 338–339.

13. Ibid., pp. 339–340.

14. Twitchett et ab (1994), p. 10.

15. Roger Tennant, A History of Korea (1996), p. 67.

16. Ibid., pp. 67–68.

17. Lee et ab, Sourcebook of Korean Civilization, p. 126.

18. Ibid., p. 126.

19. Tennant (1996), p. 68; Lee, New History of Korea, p. 98.

20. Lee, New History of Korea, p. 98; Tennant, pp. 68–69.

21. Lee, New History of Korea, p. 99; Tennant, p. 70.

22. Jong-gil Kim, Among the Flowering Reeds (2003), p. 32.

23. Tennant, pp. 69–70.

24. Lee et al. Sourcebook of Korean Civilization (1993), pp. 129, 261.

25. Tennant, pp. 70–71; Lee et al., Sourcebook of Korean Civilization (1993), p. 261.

Глава 55. Третья династия

1. al-Tabari, History, vol. 30, p. 335.

2. P. M. Holt, etal.,eds. The Cambridge History of Islam, vol. 1 (1970), pp. 118–119.

3. al-Tabari, History, vol. 31, p. 23.

4. Ibid, pp. 48–51.

5. Ibid., pp. 152–153, 185–186.

6. Holt et al., pp. 119–123.

7. al-Tabari, History, vol. 32, pp. 131–134.

Глава 56. Викинги

1. Jones, History of the Vikings, pp. 25–26.

2. Louis Halphen, Charlemagne and the Carolingian Empire, trans. Giselle de Nie

(1977), p. 97.

3. Wallace-Hadrill, Early Germanic Kingship, p. 114; Nithard’s Histories, 2, in

Bernhard Walter Scholz with Barbara Rogers, trans., Carolingian Chronicles (1970), p. 130.

4. Halphen, p. 158.

5. Scholz with Rogers, p. 131.

6. Ibid., p. 133.

7. Janet L. Nelson, trans., The Annals of St. Benin (1991), p. 49.

8. «Engelbert at the Battle of Fontenoy», in Dutton, p. 364.

9. H. W. Carless Davis, Charlemagne (Charles the Great) (1925), p. 314.

10. Franklin and Shepard, p. 56.

11. R H. Sawyer, Kings and Vikings (1982), p. 88; Pierre Riche, The Carolingians, trans. Michael Idomir Allen (1993), p. 192.

12. Riche, p. 197.

13. Franklin and Shepard, p. 9.

14. Ibid., p. 29.

15. Nelson, p. 44.

16. Franklin and Shepard, p. 40.

17. Ibid., pp. 55–56.

18. Photius, The Homilies of Photius, trans. Cyril Mango (1958), pp. 95–96.

19. Franklin and Shepard, p. 51.

20. Ibid., p. 58–59.

Глава 57. Цари-долгожители

1. Dilip Kumar Ganguly, Ancient India, History and Archaeology (1994), p. 44;

Rama Shankar Tripathi, History of Kanauj (1964), pp. 227–228.

2. Tripathi, pp. 232–234.

3. Sailendra Nath Sen, Ancient Indian History and Civilization (1988), p. 371.

4. R. C. Majumdar, Ancient India (1964), p. 367.

5. Kulke, p. 11.

6. Tripathi, pp. 239, 241.

7. Majumdar, p. 367; Tripathi, p. 243.

8. Majumdar, p. 404.

Глава 58. Внутренняя и внешняя политика

1. From «The Vita of Methodius», in Deno John Geanakoplos, ed., Byzantium (1984), p. 348.

2. Ostrogorsky, p. 203.

3. Obolensky, p. 207.

4. P. M. Barford, The Early Slavs (2001), p. 221.

5. Nelson, p. 137.

6. Ostrogorsky, pp. 204–205.

7. Obolensky, p. 207; Barford, p. 222.

8. Vasiliev, p. 301.

9. Ibid., p. 304; Ostrogorsky, pp. 212–213.

10. Shaun Tougher, The Reign of Leo VI (886–912) (1997), p. 61.

11. Ibid., p. 62.

Глава 59. Второй халифат

1. Dominique Sourdel, Medieval Islam (1983), pp. 76–79; Seyyed Hossein Nasr,

Islamic Philosophy from Its Origin to the Present (2006), p. 122.

2. Holt et ah, p. 124; Sourdel, pp. 78–79.

3. Paul E. Walker, Fatimid History and Ismaili Doctrine (2008), 2.4

4. Holt et ah, p. 125.

5. Ibid., pp. 125–126.

6. al-Tabari, History, vol. 34, предисловие переводчика, pp. xi-xii.

7. al-Tabari, History, vol. 35, pp. 164–165.

8. Holt et ah, p. 129.

9. S. D. Goitein, «On the Origin of the Term Vizier», Journal of the American Oriental Society, 81: 4 (Sep.-Dee. 1961), pp. 425–426.

Глава 60. Великая армия викингов

1. Quoted in Margaret Mahler, A History of Chirk Castle and Chirkland (1912), p. 202.

2. Magnus Magnusson, Scotland (2000), p. 40.

3. Collins, p. 194; Simeon of Durham, The Historical Works of Simeon of Durham, trans. J. Stevenson (1855), p. 487.

4. Bryan Sykes, Saxons, Vikings, and Celts (2006), p. 261; Snorri Sturluson, Heimskringla, trans. Erling Monsen (1932), p. 5; John Asser, Asser’s Life of King Alfred, trans. Lionel Cecil Jane (1908), p. 41.

5. Bede, p. 299.

6. Seamus Heaney, Beowulf (2001), 2.175–179.

7. Sykes, p. 262.

8. Swanton, p. 68.

9. Ibid., p. 70; Simon Keynes and Michael Lapidge, trans., Alfred the Great (1983), p. 77.

10. Swanton, p. 71.

11. Keynes and Lapidge, p. 83.

12. Asser, p. 38.

13. Simeon of Durham, p. 476.

14. Keynes and Lapidge, p. 84.

15. John of Worcester, The Chronicle of John of Worcester, vol. 2: The Annals from 450 to 1066, trans. Jennifer Bray and P. McGurk (1995), p. 355.

Глава 61. Борьба за железную корону

1. Eric Joseph Goldberg, Struggle for Empire (2006), p. 331.

2. Halphen, p. 319.

3. Ibid., p. 324.

4. Ibid., p. 327.

5. Quoted in Riche, p. 219.

6. Liudprand of Cremona, The Complete Works of Liudprand of Cremona, trans. Paolo Squatriti (2007), p. 67.

7. Ibid., p. 64.

8. Ibid., p. 69.

9. Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De Administrando Imperio, trans. R. J. H. Jenkins (1967), pp. 171–173.

10. Andras Rona-Tas, Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages (1999), pp. 336–337.

Глава 62. Кампаку

1. Lebra, p. 35.

2. Reischauer, p. 270.

3. Sadaie Fujiwara and William Ninnis Porter, A Hundred Verses from Old Japan (1909), p. 12.

4. James S. De Benneville, Saito Mussashi-Bo Benkei (1910), pp. 104–105; Meyer, p. 58.

5. Robert Borgen, Sugawara No Michizane and the Early Heian Court (1986), p. 176.

6. Reischauer, pp. 272–273.

7. Marra, p. 46.

8. Hall, et ah, pp. 55–56; Borgen, p. 28.

9. Hall et ah, p. 57; Borgen, pp. 208–209.

10. Reischauer, p. 279.

11. De Benneville, p. 106; Hall et ah, p. 58.

12. Reischauer, p. 64.

13. Hall et ah, pp. 59–60; Reischauer, pp. 287ff.

14. H. Paul Varley, Warriors of Japan as Portrayed in the War Tales (1994), p. 8.

15. Karl F. Friday, Hired Swords (1992), p. 10; Varley, pp. 144–145.

16. Friday, pp. 12–13; Varley, p. 145.

Глава 63. Базилевс

1. Tougher, Reign of Leo VI, p. 115.

2. Ibid., p. 117.

3. Arnold Toynbee, Constantine Porphyrogenitus and His World (1973), p. 13.

4. Lynda Garland, Byzantine Empresses (1999), p. 114.

5. Quoted in Garland, p. 115.

6. Vasiliev, p. 316.

7. Thomas Riha, ed., Readings in Russian Civilization, vol. 1 (1969), p. 2.

8. Steven Runciman, The Emperor Romanus Lecapenus & His Reign (1929), p. 44.

9. Ostrogorsky (1969), p. 261.

10. Leo the Deacon, The History of Leo the Deacon (2005), 7.7

11. Ostrogorsky, p. 263.

12. Liudprand of Cremona, p. 124.

13. Leo the Deacon, 7.7.

14. Liudprand of Cremona, p. 123.

15. Runciman, Emperor Romanus Lecapenus & His Reign, p. 61.

16. Ibid., p. 90, Romilly Jenkins, Byzantium (1987), pp. 242–243.

17. Runciman, Emperor Romanus Lecapenus & His Reign, p. 92.

Глава 64. Создание Нормандии

1. Liudprand of Cremona, p. 92.

2. Ibid., p. 94.

3. Riche, pp. 226–227.

4. Gesta Normannorum Ducum, vol. 1, trans. Elisabeth M. C. Van Houts (1992), p. 67.

Глава 65. Королевство Германия

1. Liudprand of Cremona, p. 75.

2. Josef Fleckenstein, Early Medieval Germany, trans. Bernard S. Smith (1978), pp. 108–110.

3. Ibid., p. m; Liudprand of Cremona, p. 77.

4. Liudprand of Cremona, p. 85.

5. Fleckenstein, pp. 112–113.

6. Ibid., p. 116.

7. Liudprand of Cremona, pp. 89–90.

8. Ibid., p. 90.

9. Charles IV, Autobiography of Emperor Charles IV and His Legend of St. Wenceslas, trans, and ed. Balazs Nagy and Frank Schaer (2001), p. 185.

10. Ibid., p. 189.

11. Ibid., p. 193.

Глава 66. Поворот колеса

1. К. A. Nilakanta Sastri, The Pandyan Kingdom (1929), p. 81.

2. Ibid., p. 81.

3. Ibid., pp. 82, 99.

4. Ibid., p. 82.

5. Rice, p. 326.

6. Sen, p. 480; Sastri, Pandyan Kingdom, p. 100.

7. Karen Pechilis Prentiss, The Embodiment of Bhakti (1999), pp. 95–96.

8. Sastri, Pandyan Kingdom, p. 102.

9. Rice, p. 463.

Глава 67. Захват Багдада

1. Karsh, p. 54.

2. Heinz Halm, The Empire of the Mahdi (1996), p. 173.

3. Ibid., pp. 175, 200–201.

4. Kennedy, Prophet and the Age, p. 314.

5. Archibald Ross Lewis, The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718-1050 (1965), pp. 70–71, 161.

6. W. Montgomery Watt, A History of Islamic Spain (1965), p. 40.

7. Ibid., p. 46.

8. Karsh, p. 62.

9. Franklin and Shepard, p. 64.

10. Kennedy, Prophet and the Age, p. 217; Karsh, p. 63.

11. Geoffrey L. Simons, Iraq: From Sumer to Saddam (1994), p. 161.

12. Kennedy, Prophet and the Age, pp. 194–195.

13. Peter Beaumont, Drylands (1993), pp. 126–127; Kennedy, Prophet and the Age, p. 197.

Глава 68. Три королевства

1. Lee et al., Sourcebook of Korean Civilization, (1993), p. 261.

2. Lee, New History of Korea (1984), p. 101.

3. Lee et al., Sourcebook of Korean Civilization, p. 275.

4. Lee, New History of Korea, p. 103.

5. James B. Palais, Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions (1996), p. 214; Peter H. Lee et al., Sources of Korean Tradition (1997), p. 146.

6. Lee et al., Sources of Korean Tradition, pp. 146–147.

7. Lee et al., Sourcebook of Korean Civilization, p. 264.

8. Grousset, p. 128.

9. Ibid., pp. 570 n. 125,129.

10. Ibid., p. 129.

11. MacGowan, p. 361.

12. Ibid.

13. Fitzgerald, China, p. 378.

14. MacGowan, p. 368.

Глава 69. Королевство Англия

1. Swanton, p. 104.

2. D. M. Hadley, The Northern Danelaw (2000), pp. 11–12.

3. William of Malmesbury, p. 207.

4. John of Worcester, Chronicles, vol. 2 (1995), p. 387.

5. Swanton, pp. 106, 108–109.

6. William of Malmesbury, p. 213.

7. Ibid., p. 233.

8. Ibid., p. 237.

9. Ibid., p. 237.

10. Ibid., p. 245.

11. John of Worcester, Chronicles, vol. 2, pp. 422–425; William of Malmesbury, pp. 239–241; Swanton, p. 118.

12. Jones, History of the Vikings, pp. 34–35, 45–46; Ornolfur Thorsson, ed.,

The Sagas of the Icelanders: A Selection (2001), p. 9.

13. Thorsson, p. 9.

14. Jones, History of the Vikings, p. 279.

15. Ibid., p. 95.

16. Thorsson, p. 81.

17. Sturluson, p. 104.

18. Ibid., p. 113.

19. Thorsson, p. 654.

20. Ibid., p. 655.

21. Sturluson, p. 140.

22. William of Malmesbury, p. 273.

23. John of Worcester, Chronicles, vol. 2, p. 425.

24. Sturluson, p. 141.

25. Ibid., pp. 214–215.

26. Henry of Huntingdon, The Chronicle of Henry of Huntingdon, trans. Thomas Forester (1853), p. 183.

27. Swanton, p. 135 n. 9.

28. Ian Howard, Swein Forkbeard’s Invasions and the Danish Conquest of England, 991-1017 (2003), pp. 62–63.

29. Swanton, p. 143.

30. Ibid., pp. 143–145; William of Malmesbury, pp. 302–303.

Глава 70. Крещение Руси

1. Toynbee, pp. 10–11.

2. Mark Whittow, The Making of Byzantium, 600-1025 (1996), pp. 321–322.

3. Ibn Fadlan, Ibn Fadlan’s Journey to Russia, trans. Richard N. Frye (2005), pp. 64–65.

4. Ibid., pp. 68–70; Franklin and Shepard, pp. 44–45.

5. Jones, History of the Vikings, p. 260.

6. Cross and Sherbowitz-Wetzor, p. 68.

7. Leo the Deacon, p. 156.

8. Wladyslaw Duczko, Viking Rus (2004), pp. 214–215.

9. Toynbee, pp. 499–505; Whittow, pp. 258–259.

10. B. J. Kidd, Documents Illustrative of the History of the Church, vol. 3 (1920), p. 103.

11. Cross and Sherbowitz-Wetzor, p. 84.

12. Vasiliev, p. 302.

13. Leo the Deacon, pp. 58, 82.

14. Ostrogorsky, pp. 284–285.

15. Leo the Deacon, p. 83.

16. Ostrogorsky, pp. 284–285; Leo the Deacon, pp. 85–86.

17. Cross and Sherbowitz-Wetzor, p. 87. Хронология этих событий не полностью ясна, здесь приведена лишь одна из нескольких вероятных реконструкций. См. также: Whittow, рр. 260–261, and Ostrogorsky, pp. 292–293.

18. Leo the Deacon, pp. 136–141.

19. Ibid., p. 147.

20. Cross and Sherbowitz-Wetzor, p. 90.

21. Jones, History of the Vikings, pp. 262–263.

22. Cross and Sherbowitz-Wetzor, p. 113.

23. Ibid., pp. 97–98, 116

24. Ibid., p. 117.

Глава 71. Священный римский император

1. Simon of Keza, Gesta Hungarorum, trans. Laszlo Veszpremy and Frank Schaer (1999), p. 91.

2. Ibid., p. 93; Paul Lendvai, The Hungarians, trans. Ann Major (2003), pp. 27–28.

3. Uta-Renate Blumenthal, The Investiture Controversy (1988), p 39.

4. Thatcher and McNeal, pp. 116–117. Присяга была фактически принята дважды, в 961 ив 962 годах.

5. J. N. D. Kelly, The Oxford Dictionary of Popes (1986), pp. 126–127.

6. Susan Wood, The Proprietary Church in the Medieval West (2006), pp. 16–17.

7. Book of Acts 8: 18–24.

8. Wood, p. 299.

9. Thatcher and McNeal, p. 118.

10. Kelly, Oxford Dictionary of Popes, p. 127.

11. Timothy Reuter and Rosamond McKitterick, eds., The New Cambridge Medieval History, vol. 3 (1999), p. 254.

12. Thietmar of Merseburg, Ottoman Germany (2001), pp. 126–127; Reuter and McKitterick, p.

13. Thietmar of Merseburg, p. 149.

14. Ibid., p. 150; Gerd Althoff, Otto III (2003), pp. 33–34.

15. Althoff, pp. 38–39.

16. F. L. Ganshof, Feudalism, trans. Philip Grierson (1996), pp. 3–9.

17. Thatcher and McNeal, p. 412.

18. Blumenthal, p. 11.

Глава 72. Перипетии Священной войны

1. Кеау, р. 204; Satish Chandra, Medieval India (2000), p. 17.

2. Sircar, pp. 290–291.

3. Quoted in Ray, p. 81.

4. Quoted in Keay, pp. 204–205.

5. Abu al-Nasr Muhammad ibn Abd al-Jabbar al-Utbi, Kitab-i-Yamini, trans. James Reynolds (1858), pp. 23–24, 33.