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J. Goldsmith and T. Wu, Who Controls the Internet?: illusions of a borderless world, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 6.

585

A. Higgins and A. Azhar, ‘China begins to erect second Great Wall in cyberspace’, The Guardian, 5 February 1996.

586

Goldsmith and Wu, Who Controls the Internet? pp. 13–14.

587

J. Jarnow, Heads: a biography of psychedelic America, Cambridge MA: Da Capo Press, 2016.

588

K. Drum, ‘A profile of Dick Cheney’, Washington Monthly, 9 November 2003, https://washingtonmonthly.com/2003/11/09/a-profile-of-dick-cheney/

589

J. Barlow, ‘Lyrics by John Perry Barlow’, Electronic Frontier Foundation, 1990, https://web.archive.org/web/20180208000604/https://w2.eff.org/Misc/Publications/John_Perry_Barlow/HTML/barlows_lyrics.html

590

Goldsmith and Wu, Who Controls the Internet? p. 17.

591

J. Barlow, ‘The economy of ideas’, Wired, 1 March 1994, https://www.wired.com/1994/03/economy-ideas/

592

J. Barlow, ‘Decrypting the puzzle palace’, Communications of the ACM, July 1992, http://groups.csail.mit.edu/mac/classes/6.805/articles/digital-telephony/Barlow_decrypting_puzzle_palace.html

593

Goldsmith and Wu, Who Controls the Internet? p. 18.

594

‘A history of protecting freedom where law and technology collide’, Electronic Frontier Foundation, https://www.eff.org/about/history

595

J. Barlow, ‘A declaration of the independence of cyberspace’, Electronic Frontier Foundation, 8 February 1996, https://www.eff.org/cyberspace-independence

596

Reno v. ACLU [1997] 96–511 (Supreme Court of the United States), https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/521/844.html

597

EFFector, ‘Ten years after ACLU v. Reno: free speech still needs defending: action alert’, Electronic Frontier Foundation, 25 June 2007, https://www.eff.org/effector/20/25

598

A. Greenberg, ‘It’s been 20 years since this man declared cyberspace independence’, Wired, 8 February 2016, https://www.wired.com/2016/02/its-been-20-years-since-this-man-declared-cyberspace-independence/

599

Дональд Трамп, выступающий как типичный иконоборец, стал первым американским лидером за последние десятилетия, который откровенно скептически относится к интернету и предлагает закрыть его каким-то образом, чтобы предотвратить террористические атаки. D. Goldman, ‘Donald Trump wants to “close up” the internet’, CNN, 8 December 2015, http://money.cnn.com/2015/12/08/technology/donald-trump-internet/index.html

600

L. Hornby, ‘China paper slams US for cyber role in Iran unrest’, Reuters, 24 January 2010, https://www.reuters.com/article/china-us-internet/rpt-china-paper-slams-us-for-cyber-role-in-iran-unrest-idUSTOE60N00T20100124

601

‘Executive order on measures to make state media more effective’, Kremlin.ru, 9 December 2013, http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/19805

602

S. Ennis, ‘Dmitry Kiselyov: Russia’s chief spin doctor’, BBC News, 2 April 2014, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26839216

603

‘About the forum’, Safe Internet Forum, 2016, https://web.archive.org/web/20170302174356/http://safeinternetforum.ru/en/o-forume/

604

C. Weaver, ‘Malofeev: the Russian billionaire linking Moscow to the rebels’, Financial Times, 24 July 2014, https://www.ft.com/content/84481538-1103-11e4-94f3-00144feabdc0

605

G. Ellis and V. Kolchyna, ‘Putin and the “triumph of Christianity” in Russia’, Al Jazeera, 19 October 2017, https://www.aljazeera.com/blogs/europe/2017/10/putin-triumph-christianity-russia-171018073916624.html

606

J. Keating, ‘God’s oligarch’, Slate, 20 October 2014, http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/foreigners/2014/10/konstantin_malofeev_one_of_vladimir_putin_s_favorite_businessmen_wants_to.html

607

S. Walker, ‘“Russia’s soul is monarchic”: tsarist school wants to reverse 100 years of history’, The Guardian, 6 March 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/06/russia-revolution-tsarist-school-moscow-nicholas-ii

608

Keating, ‘God’s oligarch’.

609

M. Seddon, ‘Russia’s chief internet censor enlists China’s know-how’, Financial Times, 27 April 2016, https://www.ft.com/content/08564d74-0bbf-11e6-9456-444ab5211a2f

610

‘China’s cyberspace administration head Lu Wei to participate in 7th International Safer Internet Forum’, Safe Internet Forum, 2016, https://web.archive.org/web/20170302183945/http://safeinternetforum.ru/en/novosti/china-s-cyberspace-administration-head-lu-wei-to-participate-in-7th-international-safer-internet-for.html

611

‘Moscow Safer Internet Forum adopts Russia – China cybersecurity cooperation roadmap’, Safe Internet Forum, 2016, https://web.archive.org/web/20180219224139/http://safeinternetforum.ru/en/novosti/moscow-safer-internet-forum-adopts-russia-china-cybersecurity-cooperation-roadmap.html

612

A. Soldatov, ‘Once a defender of internet freedom, Putin is now bringing China’s Great Firewall to Russia’, WorldPost, 3 May 2016, https://www.huffingtonpost.com/andrei-soldatov/putin-china-internet-firewall-russia_b_9821190.html

613

Seddon, ‘Russia’s chief internet censor enlists China’s know-how’.

614

«Китайский Интернет опережает мировые разработки», Safe Internet League, 2016, http://ligainternet.ru/news/news-detail.php?ID=505

615

T. Glelten, ‘Seeing the internet as an “information weapon”’, NPR, 23 September 2010, https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=130052701

616

L. Harding, ‘Revealed: the $2bn offshore trail that leads to Vladimir Putin’, The Guardian, 3 April 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/apr/03/panama-papers-money-hidden-offshore

617

Точнее, председатель Следственного комитета. – Прим. пер.

618

T. Parfitt, ‘Putin ally calls for China-style censorship’, The Sunday Times, 20 April 2016, https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/putin-ally-calls-for-china-style-censorship-0x69klqqs

619

‘Russia in talks with China’s Huawei on data storage technologies’ licensing’, Sputnik, 24 August 2016, https://sputniknews.com/science/201608241044578435-russia-huawei-bulat-data/

620

A. Soldatov and I. Borogan, ‘Putin brings China’s Great Firewall to Russia in cybersecurity pact’, The Guardian, 29 November 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/29/putin-china-internet-great-firewall-russia-cybersecurity-pact

621

A. Luhn, ‘Russia passes “Big Brother” anti-terror laws’, The Guardian, 26 June 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/26/russia-passes-big-brother-anti-terror-laws

622

‘Russia mulls limitations on internet exchange points over fears of US eavesdropping’, RT, 23 August 2017, https://www.rt.com/politics/400627-russia-mulls-limitations-on-internet/

623

Детали моего повествования об августовском перевороте в основном взяты из книг «Могила Ленина» Дэвида Ремника, «Человек без лица» Маши Гессен, «The Red Web» Андрея Солдатова и Ирины Бороган, а также из других источников, указанных в примечаниях.

624

A. Soldatov and I. Borogan, The Red Web: the struggle between Russia’s digital dictators and the new online revolutionaries, New York NY: PublicAffairs, 2015, p. 27.

625

M. Gorham et al., Digital Russia: the language, culture and politics of new media communication, Abingdon: Routledge, 2014, p. 39.

626

Soldatov and Borogan, The Red Web, p. 27.

627

Soldatov and Borogan, The Red Web, p. 30; ‘History of Relcom’, Relcom, http://www.relcom.ru/o-nas/history-of-company/

628

Gorham et al., Digital Russia, p. 38.

629

Soldatov and Borogan, The Red Web, p. 31.

630

L. Press, ‘Relcom during the coup’, Personal Computing, 1991, http://som.csudh.edu/fac/lpress/articles/relcom.pdf

631

M. Gessen, The Man Without a Face: the unlikely rise of Vladimir Putin, New York NY: Riverhead Books, 2012, p. 110.

632

Soldatov and Borogan, The Red Web, p. 34.

633

A. Soldatov and I. Borogan, ‘An act of courage