Frans de Waal (2009a), Delia Fuhrmann et al. (2014).
228
Suzana Herculano-Houzel et al. (2011, 2014).
229
Josef Parvizi (2009).
230
Robert Barton (2012).
231
Michael Corballis (2002), William Calvin (1982).
232
Natasja de Groot et al. (2010)
233
The «Mens vs aap – experiment» video can be seen at http://bit.ly/ 1gb LiCm.
234
Christopher Martin et al. (2014).
235
Frans de Waal (2007 [orig. 1982]).
236
Benjamin Beck (1982).
237
Alaska governor Sarah Palin, policy speech, Pittsburgh, PA, October 24, 2008.
238
Frans de Waal (2007 [orig. 1982]).
239
Donald Griffin (1976).
240
Hans Kummer (1971), Kummer (1995).
241
Jane Goodall (1971).
242
Christopher Martin et al. (2014).
243
Frans de Waal and Jan van Hooff (1981).
244
Frans de Waal (2007 [orig. 1982]).
245
Marcel Foster et al. (2009)
246
Toshisada Nishida et al. (1992).
247
Toshisada Nishida (1983), Nishida and Kazuhiko Hosaka (1996).
248
Victoria Horner et al. (2011).
249
Malini Suchak and Frans de Waal (2012).
250
Hans Kummer et al. (1990), Frans de Waal (1991).
251
Richard Byrne and Andrew Whiten (1988).
252
Robin Dunbar (1998b).
253
Thomas Geissmann and Mathias Orgeldinger (2000).
254
Sarah Gouzoules et al. (1984).
255
Dorothy Cheney and Robert Seyfarth (1992).
256
Susan Perry et al. (2004).
257
Susan Perry (2008), p. 47.
258
Katie Slocombe and Klaus Zuberbühler (2007).
259
Dorothy Cheney and Robert Seyfarth (1986, 1989), Filippo Aureli et al. (1992).
260
Peter Judge (1991), Judge and Sonia Mullen (2005).
261
Ronald Schusterman et al. (2003).
262
Dalila Bovet and David Washburn (2003), Regina Paxton et al. (2010).
263
Jorg Massen et al. (2014a).
264
Meredith Crawford (1937).
265
Kim Mendres and Frans de Waal (2000).
266
Alicia Melis et al. (2006a), Alicia Melis et al. (2006b), Sarah Brosnan et al. (2006).
267
Frans de Waal and Michelle Berger (2000).
268
Ernst Fehr and Urs Fischbacher (2003).
269
Robert Boyd (2006), countered by Kevin Langergraber et al. (2007).
270
Malini Suchak and Frans de Waal (2012), Jingzhi Tan and Brian Hare (2013).
271
National Academies of Sciences and Engineering, Keck Futures Initiative Conference, Irvine, CA, November 2014.
272
E. O. Wilson (1975).
273
Michael Tomasello (2008), Gary Stix (2014), p. 77.
274
Emil Menzel (1972).
275
Joshua Plotnik et al. (2011).
276
Ingrid Visser et al. (2008).
277
Christophe Boesch and Hedwige Boesch-Achermann (2000).
278
The two photographs are featured in Gary Stix (2014).
279
Malini Suchak et al. (2014).
280
Michael Wilson et al. (2014).
281
Sarah Calcutt et al. (2014).
282
Hal Whitehead and Luke Rendell (2015).
283
Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal (2003). See also «Two Monkeys Were Paid Unequally,» TED Blog Video, http://bit.ly/1GO05tz.
284
Sarah Brosnan et al. (2010), Proctor et al. (2013).
285
Frederieke Range et al. (2008), Claudia Wascher and Thomas Bugnyar (2013), Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal (2014).
286
Redouan Bshary and Ronald Noё (2003).
287
Redouan Bshary et al. (2006).
288
Alexander Vail et al. (2014).
289
Toshisada Nishida and Kazuhiko Hosaka (1996).
290
Jorg Massen et al. (2014b).
291
Caitlin O'Connell (2015).
292
Robert Browning (2006 [orig. 1896]), p. 113.
293
Otto Tinklepaugh (1928).
294
Gema Martin-Ordas et al. (2013).
295
Marcel Proust (1913), p. 48.
296
Karline Janmaat et al. (2014), Simone Ban et al. (2014).
297
Endel Tulving (1972, 2001).
298
Nicola Clayton and Anthony Dickinson (1998).
299
Stephanie Babb and Jonathon Crystal (2006).
300
Sadie Dingfelder (2007), p. 26.
301
Thomas Suddendorf (2013), p. 103.
302
Endel Tulving (2005).
303
Mathias Osvath (2009).
304
Lucia Jacobs and Emily Liman (1991).
305
Nicholas Mulcahy and Josep Call (2006).
306
Mathias Osvath and Helena Osvath (2008), Osvath and Gema Martin-Ordas (2014).
307
Juliane Bräuer and Josep Call (2015).
308
Caroline Raby et al. (2007), Sйrgio Correia et al. (2007), William Roberts (2012).
309
Nicola Koyama et al. (2006).
310
Carel van Schaik et al. (2013).
311
Anoopum Gupta et al. (2010), Andrew Wikenheiser and David Redish (2012).
312
Sara Shettleworth (2007), Michael Corballis (2013).
313
In 2011 French media compared Dominique Strauss-Kahn to a «chimpanzé en rut.»
314
Richard Byrne (1995), p. 133, Robin Dunbar (1998a).
315
Ramona Morris and Desmond Morris (1966).
316
Philip Kitcher (2006), p. 136.
317
Harry Frankfurt (1971), p. 11, also Roy Baumeister (2008).
318
Jessica Bramlett et al. (2012).
319
Michael Beran (2002), Theodore Evans and Beran (2007).
320
Friederike Hilleman et al. (2014).
321
Adrienne Koepke et al. (in press).
322
Walter Mischel and Ebbe Ebbesen (1970).
323
David Leavens et al. (2001).
324
Walter Mischel et al. (1972), p. 217.
325
Michael Beran (2015).
326
Sarah Boysen and Gary Berntson (1995).
327
Edward Tolman (1927).
328
David Smith et al. (1995).
329
Robert Hampton (2004).
330
Allison Foote and Jonathon Crystal (2007).
331
Arii Watanabe et al. (2014).
332
Josep Call and Malinda Carpenter (2001), Robert Hampton et al. (2004).
333
Alastair Inman and Sara Shettleworth (1999).
334
The Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness, July 7, 2012, Francis Crick Memorial Conference at Churchill College, University of Cambridge.
335
Joshua Plotnik et al. (2006). See also «Mirror Self-Recognition in Asian Elephants» (video), Jan. 11, 2015, http://bit.ly/1spFNoA.
336
Joshua Plotnik et al. (2014).
337
Michael Garstang et al. (2014).
338
Ulric Neisser (1967), p. 3.
339
Lucy Bates et al. (2007).
340
Karen McComb et al. (2014).
341
Karen McComb et al. (2011).
342
Joseph Soltis et al. (2014).
343
Gordon Gallup Jr. (1970), James Anderson and Gallup (2011).
344
Daniel Povinelli (1987).
345
Emanuela Cenami Spada et al. (1995), Mark Bekoff and Paul Sherman (2003).
346
Matthew Jorgensen et al. (1995), Koji Toda and Shigeru Watanabe (2008).
347
Doris Bischof-Köhler (1991), Carolyn Zahn-Waxler et al. (1992), Frans de Waal (2008).
348
Abigail Rajala et al. (2010), Liangtang Chang et al. (2015).
349
Frans de Waal et al. (2005).
350
Philippe Rochat (2003).
351
Diana Reiss and Lori Marino (2001).
352
Helmut Prior et al. (2008).
353
My translation of Jürgen Lethmate and Gerti Dücker (1973), p. 254.
354
Ralph Buchsbaum et al. (1987 [orig. 1938]).
355
Roland Anderson and Jennifer Mather (2010).
356
Katherine Harmon Courage (2013), p. 115.
357
Roland Anderson et al. (2010).
358
Jennifer Mather et al. (2010), Roger Hanlon and John Messenger (1996).
359
Roland Anderson et al. (2002).
360
Aristotle (1991), p. 323.
361
Jennifer Mather and Roland Anderson (1999), Sarah Zylinski (2015).
362
Roger Hanlon (2007), Hanlon (2013).
363
Roger Hanlon et al. (1999).
364
Culum Brown et al. (2012).
365
Robert Jackson (1992), Stim Wilcox and Jackson (2002).
366
Andrew Whiten et al. (2005).
367
Edwin van Leeuwen and Daniel Haun (2013).
368
Susan Perry (2009); see also Marietta Dindo et al. (2009).
369
Elizabeth Lonsdorf et al. (2004).
370
Jenny Allen et al. (2013).
371
Erica van de Waal et al. (2013).
372
Nicolas Claidiére et al. (2015).
373
Frans de Waal and Denise Johanowicz (1993).
374
Kristin Bonnie and Frans de Waal (2007).
375
Michio Nakamura et al. (2000).
376
Tetsuro Matsuzawa (1994), Noriko Inoue-Nakamura and Matsuzawa (1997).
377
Stuart Watson et al. (2015).
378
Tetsuro Matsuzawa et al. (2001), Frans de Waal (2001).
379
Konrad Lorenz (1952), p. 86.
380
Frans de Waal and Jennifer Pokorny (2008).
381
Frans de Waal and Peter Tyack (2003).
382
Stephanie King et al. (2013).
383
Laela Sayigh et al. (1999), Vincent Janik et al. (2006).
384
Jason Bruck (2013).
385
Stephanie King and Vincent Janik (2013).
386
Marc Bekoff and Colin Allen (1997), p. 316.
387
Anthony Tramontin and Eliot Brenowitz (2000).
388
Jonathan Marks (2002), p. xvi.
389
David Hume (1985 [orig. 1739]), p. 226, with thanks to Gerald Massey.
390
«Study: Dolphins Not So Intelligent on Land,» Onion, Feb. 15, 2006.
391
Jolyon Troscianko et al. (2012).
392
Donald Dewsbury (2000).
393