Читать интересную книгу Мозг онлайн. Человек в эпоху Интернета - Гэри Смолл

Поезд новых технологий несется вперед, и все мы, рано или поздно, получим на него билет. Новые технологии способны не только повысить эффективность нашей работы, но и упростить нашу жизнь. В конце концов, они доставляют нам удовольствие. Полезно вовремя разглядеть все западни и подводные камни, которые могут нам встретиться, и научиться с ними управляться. Это и хай-тек-зависимость, и одержимость компьютерными играми, и чрезмерная многозадачность. «Цифровым от рождения» и «цифровым иммигрантам» стоит объединить свои усилия — теперь это насущная необходимость. Только когда мы перебросим мост через «мозговую пропасть», научимся общаться и сотрудничать, невзирая на разницу в возрасте, — только тогда мы будем готовы встретить во всеоружии любые неожиданности, которые встретятся на пути. В результате мы не только переживем изменение мозга под натиском технологий, но и благодаря этому станем лучше, совершеннее во всех смыслах.

Библиография

Глава 1. Ваш мозг эволюционирует прямо сейчас

1. Dong L, Block G., Mandel S. Activities contributing to total energy expenditure in the United States: Results from the NHAPS study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and. Physical Activity 2004; 1:4, http://www.ijbnpa.org/content/1/1/4

Yang C. Americans spend more energy and time watching TV than on exercise, finds new study. UC Berkeley News. March 24, 2004, http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2004/03/10_amtv.shtml

2. Gonsalves A. Number of online Americans continues to grow. TechWeb Technology News. May 25, 2006, www.techweb.c0m/wire/ebiz/188500373.

3. Nie N.H., Hillygus D.S. The impact of Internet use on sociability: Time-diary findings. IT & Society 2002; 1:1-20, http://www.stanford.edu/group/siqss/itandsociety/v01101/v01101a01.pdf

4. Holmes E. On MySpace, millions of users make «friends» with ads. The Wall Street Journal. August 7, 2006.

5. Prensky M. Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon. 2001;9:1–2, www.marcprensky.com/writing/Prensky — Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants — Part1.pdf

6. National Endowment for the Arts. Reading at risk: A survey of literary reading in America: Research Division Report #46. Washington, DC, June, 2004, www.nea.gov/pub/ReadingAtRisk.pdf

7. Patterson T. E. Young people and news. Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. July, 2007, www.ksg.harvard.edu/presspol/carnegie_knight/young_news_web.pdf

8. Pergams O. R., Zaradic P. A. Is love of nature in the US becoming love of electronic media? 16-year downtrend in national park visits explained by watching movies, playing video games, internet use, and oil prices. Journal of Environmental Management 2006; 80: 387-393

9. Bloom F. E., Beal M. F., Kupfer D. J. (eds). The Dana Guide to Brain Health. The Dana Press. New York, 2003

10. The Dana Guide to Brain Health

11. Metcalfe R. M. It's all in your head; The latest supercomputer is way faster than the human brain. But guess which is smarter? Forbes 2007:52, Volume 179, Issue 10, http://cbcl.mit.edu/news/files/forbesarticle-metcalfe—5-07.pdf

12. Huttenlocher P. Neural Plasticity. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2002

13. Ku hl P.K., Tsao F.-M., Liu H.-M. Foreign-language experience in infancy: Effects of short-term exposure and social interaction on phonetic learning. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 2003; 100:9096-9101

14. Sireteanu R. Switching on the infant brain. Science 1999; 286:59-61

15. Markon K. E., Krueger R. F., Bouchard T. J. Jr., Gottesman I. I. Normal and abnormal personality traits: Evidence for genetic and environmental relationships in the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart. Journal of Personality 2002; 70:661-693

16. How many genes are in the human genome? Human Genome Project, http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/faq/genenumber.shtml

17. Darwin C. On the Origin of Species. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2001 (Chapter 4)

18. Ambrose S.H. Paleolithic technology and human evolution. Science 2001; 291:1748-1753

19. The Dana Guide to Brain Health

20. Koechlin E., Basso G., Pietrini P., Panzer S. The role of the anterior prefrontal cortex in human cognition. Nature 1999; 399:148-151

21. Yuasa М., Saito K., Mukawa N. Emoticons convey emotions without cognition of faces: An fMRI study, http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/1130000/1125737/p1565-yuasa.pdf?key1=1125737&key2=5091192911&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=39827882&CFTOKEN=12197400

22. Ambrose S.H. Science 2001; 1748-1753

23. De Vries J. The Industrial Revolution and the industrious revolution. The Journal of Economic History 1994; 54:249-270

24. William T.I., Schaal W.E., Burnette A.D. A History of Invention: From Stone Axes to Silicon Chips. Checkmark Books. New York, 2000

25. Levy W.B., Baxter R.A. Using energy efficiency to make sense out of neural information processing. IEEE; IslT 2002, Lausanne, Switzerland, June 30— July 5, 2002, http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/7942/-21920/01023290.pdf

26. Vandewater E.A., Rideout V.J., Wartella E.A., Huang X., Lee J.H., Shim M.S. Digital childhood: Electronic media and technology use among infants, toddlers, and preschoolers. Pediatrics 2007; 119, p. 006–1015, http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/119/5/е1006

27. Roberts D.F., Foehr U.G., Rideout V. Generation M: Media in the lives of 8-18 year-olds. A Kaiser Family Foundation Study. 2005, www.kff.org/entmedia/upload/Generation-M-Media-in-the-Lives-of-8-18-Year-olds-Report.pdf

28. Fox S., Madden M. Generations online. Pew Internet & American Lite Project. December, 2005, http://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Generations_Memo.pdf

29. Thompson C. Meet the life hackers. The New York Times. October 16, 2005

30. Pressner J. C., Baldwin M.W., Dedovic K., et al. Selfesteem, locus of control, hippocampal volume, and cortisol regulation in young and old adulthood. Neuroimage 2005; 28:815-826

31. McEwen B.S. Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators: Central role of the brain. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 2006; 8:367-81

32. Mednick S. C., Nakayama K., Cantero J. L The restorative effect of naps on perceptual deterioration. Nature Neuroscience 2002; 5:67-81

33. Sillence E., Briggs P., Harris P.R., Fishwick L How do patients evaluate and make use of online health information? Social Science & Medicine 2007; 64:1853-1862

34. Small G. W., Silverman D. H. S., Siddarth P., et al. Effects of a 14-day healthy longevity lifestyle program on cognition and brain function. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2006; 14:538-545

Haier R.J., Siegel B.V., MacLachlan A., et al. Regional glucose metabolic changes after learning a complex visuospatial/motor task: A positron emission tomographic study. Brain Research 1992; 570:134-143

35. Flynn J. R. The hidden history of IQ and special education: Can the problems be solved? Psychology, Public Policy and Law 2000; 6:191-198

36. Kearney P. Cognitive assessment of game-based learning. British Journal of Educational Technolog у 2007; 38:529-531

Глава 2. Мозговая пропасть: технологии, разделившие поколения

37. McClure S. М., Laibson D. I., Loewenstein G., Cohen J. D. Separate neural systems value immediate and delayed monetary rewards. Science 2004; 306:503-507

38. Roberts D.F., Foehr U.G., Rideout V. Generation M: Media in the lives of 8-18 year-olds. A Kaiser Family Foundation Study. 2005, www.kff.org/entmedia/upload/Generation-M-Media-in-the-Lives-of-8-18-Year-olds-Report.pdf

39. Bischof H. J. Behavioral and neuronal aspects of developmental sensitive periods. Neuroreport 2007; 18:461-465

40. National Endowment for the Arts. Reading at risk: A survey of literary reading in America: Research Division Report #46. National Endowment for the Arts. Washington, DC, June, 2004, www.nea.gov/pub/ReadingAtRisk.pdf

41. Zimmerman F. J., Christakis D. A., Meltzoff A. N. Television and DVD/video viewing in children younger than 2 years. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine 2007; 161:473–479. Dan A. Videos as a baby brain drain. Los Angeles Times. August 7, 2007

42. Friedman T. L The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, 2005

43. Cunningham F. G., McDonald P. C., Norman P. G. (eds): Williams Obstetrics. 21st ed. McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing, New York, 2001

44. Elkins D. Are we pushing our kids too hard? Psychology Today, 2006, http://psychologytoday.com/articles/pto-20030304-000002.html

45. American Academy of Pediatrics. Children, adolescents, and television. Pediatrics 2001; 107:423-426

46. Ginsburg H. P., Opper S. Piaget’s Theory of Intellectual

Development. 3rd ed. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1988.

47. Microsoft Corporation. The Market for Accessible Technology — The Wide Range of Abilities and Its Impact on Computer Use, www.microsoft.com/enable/research/default.aspx

48. Madden M. Internet penetration and impact. Pew Internet & American Life Project. April, 2006, www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Internet_Impact.pdf

49. Shiu Lenhart A. How Americans use instant messaging. Pew Internet & American Life Project. September, 2004, www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Instantmessage_Report.pdf

50. Roberts D.F., Foehr U.G., Rideout V. Generation M: Media in the lives of 8-18 year olds. A Kaiser Family Foundation Study. 2005, www.kff.org/entmedia/upload/Generation-M-Media-in-the-Lives-of-8-18-Year-olds-Report.pdf

51. Niemz K, Griffiths М., Banyard P. Prevalence of pathological Internet use among university students and correlations with selfesteem, the general health questionnaire (GHQ), and disinhibition. Cyberpsycholog у & Behavior 2005; 8:562-570

52. Koezuka N., Koo М., Allison K.R., et al. The relationship between sedentary activities and physical inactivity among adolescents: Results from the Canadian community health survey. Journal of Adolescent Health 2006;39:515-522

53. Grund A., Krause H., Siewers M., Rieckert H., Muller M.J. Is TV viewing an index of physical activity and fitness in overweight and normal weight children? Public Health and Nutrition 2001; 4:1245-1251

54. McGivern R.F., Andersen J., Byrd D., et al. Cognitive efficiency on a match to sample task decreases at the onset of puberty in children. Brain and Cognition 2002; 50:73-89

55. Blakemore S.-J., Choudhury S. Development of the adolescent brain: Implications for executive function and social cognition. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2006; 47: 296-312

Den Ouden Frith U., Frith C., Blakemore S.-J. Thinking about intentions. Neuroimage 2005; 28:787-796

56. Abcarian R., Horn J. Underwhelmed by it all. Los Angeles Times. August 7, 2006. Piccalo G. Girls just want to be plugged into everything. Los Angeles Times. August ii, 2006

57. Tun P. A. Fast noisy speech: Age differences in processing rapid speech with background noise. Psycholog у and Aging 1998; 13:424-434

58. Foerde K., Knowlton B. J., Poldrack R. A. Modulation of competing mem— ory systems by distraction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 2006:103:11778-11783

59. Evers M. South Korea turns PC gaming into a spectator sport. Spiegel Online International, http://www.spiegel.de/intemational/spiegel/o,1518,399476,00.html

60. Mori A. Terror of Game-Brain. NHK Books, Tokyo, Japan. 2002. Matsuda G. Hinaki K. Neuroimage 2006; 29:706-711

61. AMA Report of the Council on Science and Public Health. Emotional and Behavioral Effects, Including Addictive Potential, of Video Games, www.ama-assn.org/amai/pub/upload/mm/467/csaph12ao7.doc

62. Nicoll J., Kieffer K. M. Violence in video games: A review of the empirical research. American Psychological Association Annual Meeting. August 2005

63. Kawashima R. Train Your Brain: 60 Days to a Better Brain. Kumon Publishing North America, Teaneck, 2005

64. Haier R. J., Siegel B. V., MacLachlan A., et al. Regional glucose metabolic changes after learning a complex visuospatial/motor task: A positron emission tomographic study. Brain Research 1992; 570:134-143

65. Rosser J. C. Jr., Lynch P.J., Cuddihy L, Gentile D. A., Klonsky J., Merrell R. The impact of video games on training surgeons in the 21st century. Archives of Surgery 2007; 142:181-186

66. Green C. S., Bavelier D. Action video game modifies visual selective attention. Nature 2003; 423:534-537

67. Szajlarski J.P., Holland S.K., Schmithorst V. J., Byars A. W. fMRI study of language lateralization in children and adults. Human Brain Mapping 2006; 27:202-212

68. Small G., Vorgan G. The Longevity Bible. Hyperion, New York, 2006

69. Czaja S. J., Charness N., Fisk A. D., et al. Factors predicting the use of technolog у: Findings from the Center for Research and Education on Aging and Technology Enhancement (CREATE). Psychology and Aging 2006; 21:333–352, www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=16768579