Читать интересную книгу Homo Deus. Краткая история будущего - Юваль Харари

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Фавелы – трущобы в городах Бразилии, часто расположенные на склонах гор.

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Robert J. Lake, ‘Social Class, Etiquette and Behavioral Restraint in British Lawn Tennis’, International Journal of the History of Sport 28:6 (2011), 876–894; Beatriz Colomina, ‘Te Lawn at War: 1941–1961’, in Te American Lawn, ed. Georges Teyssot (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1999), 135–153; Virginia Scott Jenkins, Te Lawn: History of an American Obsession (Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1994).

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‘Canis lupus’, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/3746/1; ‘Fact Sheet: Gray Wolf’, Defenders of Wildlife, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.defenders.org/gray-wolf/basic-facts; ‘Companion Animals’, IFAH, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.ifaheurope.org/companion-animals/about-pets.html; ‘Global Review 2013’, World Animal Protection, accessed 20 December 2014, https://www.worldanimalprotection.us.org/sites/default/fles/us_fles/global_review_2013_0.pdf.

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Anthony D. Barnosky, ‘Megafauna Biomass Tradeof as a Driver of Quaternary and Future Extinctions’, PNAS 105:1 (2008), 11543–11548; for wolves and lions: William J. Ripple et al., ‘Status and Ecological Efects of the World’s Largest Carnivores’, Science 343:6167 (2014), 151; если верить доктору Стэнли Корену, сегодня на планете живет около 500 млн собак. См.: Stanley Coren, ‘How Many Dogs Are There in the World’, Psychology Today, 19 September 2012, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/canine-corner/201209/how-many-dogs-are-there-in-the-world; о мировой популяции кошек см.: Nicholas Wade, ‘DNA Traces 5 Matriarchs of 600 Million Domestic Cats’, New York Times, 29 June 2007, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/29/health/29iht-cats.1.6406020.html; подробнее об африканских буйволах см.: ‘Syncerus cafer’, IUCN Red List of Treatened Species, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/21251/0; подробнее о популяции крупного рогатого скота см.: David Cottle and Lewis Kahn, ed., Beef Cattle Production and Trade (Collingwood: Csiro, 2014), 66; подробнее о домашних курах см.: ‘Live Animals’, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Statistical Division, accessed December 20, 2014, http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/Q/QA/E; подробнее о популяции шимпанзе см.: ‘Pan troglodytes’, IUCN Red List of Treatened Species, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/15933/0.

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‘Living Planet Report 2014’, WWF Global, accessed 20 December 2014, http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/all_publications/ living_planet_report/.

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Richard Inger et al., ‘Common European Birds are Declining Rapidly While Less Abundant Species’ Numbers Are Rising’, Ecology Letters 18:1 (2014), 28–36; ‘Live Animals’, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, accessed 20 December 2014,http://faostat.fao.org/site/573/default.aspx#ancor.

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Simon L. Lewis and Mark A. Maslin, ‘Defining the Anthropocene’, Nature 519 (2015), 171–180.

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Timothy F. Flannery, Te Future Eaters: An Ecological History of the Australasian Lands and Peoples (Port Melbourne: Reed Books Australia, 1994); Anthony D. Barnosky et al., ‘Assessing the Causes of Late Pleistocene Extinctions on the Continents’, Science 306:5693 (2004), 70–75; Bary W. Brook and David M. J. S. Bowman, ‘Te Uncertain Blitzkrieg of Pleistocene Megafauna’, Journal of Biogeography 31:4 (2004), 517–523; Giford H. Miller et al., ‘Ecosystem Collapse in Pleistocene Australia and a Human Role in Megafaunal Extinction’, Science 309:5732 (2005), 287–290; Richard G. Roberts et al., ‘New Ages for the Last Australian Megafauna: Continent Wide Extinction about 46 000 Years Ago’, Science 292:5523 (2001), 1888–1892; Stephen Wroe and Judith Field, ‘A Review of Evidence for a Human Role in the Extinction of Australian Megafauna and an Alternative Explanation’, Quaternary Science Reviews 25:21–2 (2006), 2692–2703; Barry W. Brooks et al., ‘Would the Australian Megafauna Have Become Extinct If Humans Had Never Colonised the Continent? Comments on “A Review of the Evidence for a Human Role in the Extinction of Australian Megafauna and an Alternative Explanation” by S. Wroe and J. Field’, Quaternary Science Reviews 26:3–4 (2007), 560–564; Chris S. M. Turney et al., ‘Late-Surviving Megafauna in Tasmania, Australia, Implicate Human Involvement in their Extinction’, PNAS 105:34 (2008), 12150–12153; John Alroy, ‘A Multispecies Overkill Simulation of the End-Pleistocene Megafaunal Mass Extinction’, Science 292:5523 (2001), 1893–1896; J. F. O’Connel and J. Allen, ‘Pre-LGM Sahul (Australia-New Guinea) and the Archaeology of Early Modern Humans’, in Rethinking the Human Evolution: New Behavioral and Biological Perspectives on the Origin and Dispersal of Modern Humans, ed. Paul Mellars (Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2007), 400–401.

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Graham Harvey, Animism: Respecting the Living World (Kent Town: Wakefeld Press, 2005); Rane Willerslev, Soul Hunters: Hunting, Animism and Personhood Among the Siberian Yukaghirs (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007); Elina Helander-Renvall, ‘Animism, Personhood and the Nature of Reality: Sami Perspectives’, Polar Record 46:1 (2010), 44– 56; Istvan Praet, ‘Animal Conceptions in Animism and Conservation’, in Routledge Handbook of Human-Animal Studies, ed. Susan McHaugh and Garry Marvin (New York: Routledge, 2014), 154–167; Nurit Bird-David, ‘Animism Revisited: Personhood, Environment, and Relational Epistemology’, Current Anthropology 40 (1999): s67–91; N. Bird-David, ‘Animistic Epistemology: Why Some Hunter-Gatherers Do Not Depict Animals’, Ethnos 71:1 (2006): 33–50.

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Быт., 3: 19.

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Howard N. Wallace, ‘Te Eden Narrative’, Harvard Semitic Monographs 32 (1985), 147–181.

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David Adams Leeming and Margaret Adams Leeming, Encyclopedia of Creation Myths (Santa Barbara: ABC–CLIO, 1994), 18; Sam D. Gill, Storytracking: Texts, Stories, and Histories in Central Australia (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998); Emily Miller Bonney, ‘Disarming the Snake Goddess: A Reconsideration of the Faience Figures from the Temple Repositories at Knossos’, Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 24:2 (2011), 171–190; David Leeming, Te Oxford Companion to World Mythology (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 350.

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Согласно теории американского нейрофизиолога Пола Маклина, человеческий мозг состоит из трех частей, насаженных одна на другую по принципу матрешки. Центральная часть – это так называемый древний мозг, мозг рептилий.

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Давление отбора – показатель интенсивности действия естественного отбора. Зависит от внешних факторов среды, межвидовой и внутривидовой конкуренции.

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Jerome H. Barkow, Leda Cosmides and John Tooby, ed., Te Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of Culture (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992); Richard W. Bloom and Nancy Dess, ed., Evolutionary Psychology and Violence: A Primer for Policymakers and Public Policy Advocates (Westport: Praeger, 2003); Charles Crawford and Catherine Salmon, ed., Evolutionary Psychology, Public Policy and Personal Decisions (New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2008); Patrick McNamara and David Trumbull, An Evolutionary Psychology of Leader – Follower Relations (New York: Nova Science, 2007); Joseph P. Forgas, Martie G. Haselton and William von Hippel, ed., Evolution and the Social Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and Social Cognition (New York: Psychology Press, 2011).

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S. Held, M. Mendl, C. Devereux and R. W. Byrne, ‘Social tactics of pigs in a competitive foraging the task: the “informed forager” paradigm’, Animal Behaviour 59:3 (2000), 569–576; S. Held, M. Mendl, C. Devereux and R. W. Byrne, ‘Studies in social cognition: from primates to pigs’, Animal Welfare 10 (2001), s209–217; H. B. Graves, ‘Behavior and ecology of wild and feral swine (Sus scrofa)’, Journal of Animal Science 58:2 (1984), 482–492; A. Stolba and D. G. M. Wood-Gush, ‘Te behaviour of pigs in a semi-natural environment’, Animal Production 48:2 (1989), 419–425; M. Spinka, ‘Behaviour in pigs’, in P. Jensen (ed.), Te Ethology of Domestic Animals, 2nd edition (Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 2009), 177–191; P. Jensen and D. G. M. Wood-Gush, ‘Social interactions in a group of free-ranging sows’, Applied Animal Behaviour Science 12 (1984), 327–337; E. T. Gieling, R. E. Nordquist and F. J. van der Staay, ‘Assessing learning and memory in pigs’, Animal Cognition 14 (2011), 151–173.

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I. Horrell and J. Hodgson, ‘Te bases of sow-piglet identifcation. 2. Cues used by piglets to identify their dam and home pen’, Applied Animal Behavior Science, 33 (1992), 329–343; D. M. Weary and D. Fraser, ‘Calling by domestic piglets: Reliable signals of need?’, Animal Behaviour 50:4 (1995), 1047–1055; H. H. Kristensen et al., ‘Te use of olfactory and other cues for social recognition by juvenile pigs’, Applied Animal Behaviour Science 72 (2001), 321–333.

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M. Helf, ‘Pig video arcades critique life in the pen’, Wired, 6 June 1997, http://archive.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/1997/06/4302 retrieved 27 January 2016.

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Humane Society of the United States, ‘A n HSUS Report: Welfare Issues with Gestation Crates for Pregnant Sows’, February 2013, http://www.humanesociety.org/assets/pdfs/farm/HSUS-Report-on-Gestation-Crates-for-Pregnant-Sows.pdf, retrieved 27 January 2016.

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Turnbull and Solms, Brain and the Inner World, 90–92.

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David Harel, Algorithmics: Te Spirit of Computers, 3rd edn [in Hebrew] (Tel Aviv: Open University of Israel, 2001), 4–6; David Berlinski, Te Advent of the Algorithm: Te 300-Year Journey from an Idea to the Computer (San Diego: Harcourt, 2000); Hartley Rogers Jr, Teory of Recursive Functions and Efective Computability, 3rd edn (Cambridge, MA and London: MIT Press, 1992), 1–5; Andreas Blass and Yuri Gurevich, ‘Algorithms: A Quest for Absolute Defnitions’, Bulletin of European Association for Teoretical Computer Science 81 (2003), 195–225; Donald E. Knuth, Te Art of Computer Programming, 2nd edn (New Jersey: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1973).

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Daniel Kahneman, Tinking, Fast and Slow (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2011); Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational (New York: Harper, 2009).

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Justin Gregg, Are Dolphins Really Smart? The Mammal Behind the Myth (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013), 81–87; Jaak Panksepp, ‘Afective Consciousness: Core Emotional Feelings in Animals and Humans’, Consciousness and Cognition 14:1 (2005), 30–80.

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A. S. Fleming, D. H. O’Day and G. W. Kraemer, ‘Neurobiology of Mother – Infant Interactions: Experience and Central Nervous System Plasticity Across Development and Generations’, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 23:5 (1999), 673–685; K. D. Broad, J. P. Curley and E. B. Keverne, ‘Mother – Infant Bonding and the Evolution of Mammalian Relationship’, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 361:1476 (2006), 2199–2214; Kazutaka Mogi, Miho Nagasawa and Takefumi Kikusui, ‘Developmental Consequences and Biological Signifcance of Mother-Infant Bonding’, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 35:5 (2011), 1232–1241; Shota Okabe et al., ‘Te Importance of Mother– Infant Communication for Social Bond Formation in Mammals’, Animal Science Journal 83:6 (2012), 446–452.

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Бихевиоризм (от англ. behavior – поведение) – одна из самых распространенных теорий в западной психологии первой половины XX века. Ее основатель – американский психолог Джон Бродес Уотсон (1878–1958).

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Jean O’Malley Halley, Boundaries of Touch: Parenting and Adult– Child Intimacy (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2007), 50–51; Ann Taylor Allen, Feminism and Motherhood in Western Europe, 1890–1970: Te Maternal Dilemma (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), 190.

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Lucille C. Birnbaum, ‘Behaviorism in the 1920s’, American Quarterly 7:1 (1955), 18.

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US Department of Labor (1929), ‘Infant Care’, Washington: United States Government Printing Ofce, http://www.mchlibrary.info/history/chbu/3121–1929.PDF.

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Harry Harlow and Robert Zimmermann, ‘Afectional Responses in the Infant Monkey’, Science 130:3373 (1959), 421–432; Harry Harlow, ‘Te Nature of Love’, American Psychologist 13 (1958), 673–685; Laurens D. Young et al., ‘Early Stress and Later Response to Sepаration in Rhesus Monkeys’, American Journal of Psychiatry 130:4 (1973), 400–405; K. D. Broad, J. P. Curley and E. B. Keverne, ‘Mother – Infant Bonding and the Evolution of Mammalian Social Relationships’, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Soceity B 361:1476(2006), 2199–2214; Florent Pittet et al., ‘Efects of Maternal Experience on Fearfulness and Maternal Behavior in a Precocial Bird’, Animal Behavior 85:4(2013), 797–805.