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Salmon,” April 26, 2013, https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/hea_13042901a.pdf.

543

Center for Food Safety, “FDA approves first genetically engineered animal for human consumption over the objections of millions,” Center for Food Safety, November 19, 2015, https://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/press-releases/4131/fda-approves-first-genetically-engineered-animal-for-human-consumption-over-the-objections-of-millions.

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Jesse Ausubel (environmental scientist) in conversation with the author, November 6, 2019.

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Richard Rhodes, “Yale Environment 360: Why nuclear power must be a part of the energy solution,” Anthropocene Institute, July 19, 2018, https://www.anthropoceneinstitute.com/2018/07/yale-environment-360-why-nuclear-power-must-be-part-of-the-energy-solution.

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R.B. Allen, “Backward into the future: The shift to coal and implications for the next energy transition,” Energy Policy 50 (2012): 17–23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.03.020.

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Jesse Ausubel (environmental scientist) in conversation with the author, November 6, 2019.

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Robert C. Rocha, Jr., Phillip J. Clapham, and Yulia Ivaschenko, “Emptying the Oceans: A Summary of Industrial Whaling Catches in the 20th Century,” Marine Fisheries Review 76 (March 2015): 46, https://dx.doi.org/10.7755/MFR.76.4.3.

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Quirin Schiermeier, “Eat Less Meat: UN climate-change report calls for change to human diet,” Nature, August 8, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-02409-7.

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Cheikh Mbow et al., “Food Security,” in Valerie Masson-Delmont et al. (eds.), Climate Change and Land: An IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems, IPCC, 2019, accessed January 21, 2020, https://www.ipcc.ch/srccl.

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563

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564

Jen Christensen, “To help save the planet, cut back to a hamburger and a half per week,” CNN, July 17, 2019, https://www.cnn.com.

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566

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567

Janina Grabs, “The rebound effects of switching to vegetarianism. A microeconomic analysis of Swedish consumption behavior,” Ecological Economics 116 (2015): 270–279, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.04.030.

568

Cheikh Mbow et al., “Food Security,” in Climate Change and Land: An IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems (IPCC, 2019), 487. In “business-as-usual,” global greenhouse emissions will rise to 86 gigatons/year by 2050, and emissions from agriculture will rise to 11.6 gigatons/year. The “upper-bound” scenario of 100 percent veganism would reduce emissions by 8.1 gigatons/year from this baseline.

569

Gidon Eshel, “Environmentally Optimal, Nutritionally Sound, Protein and Energy Conserving Plant Based Alternatives to US Meat,” Nature: Scientific Reports 9, no. 10345 (August 8, 2019), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-46590-1.

570

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571

Robin R. White and Mary Beth Hall, “Nutritional and greenhouse gas impacts of removing animals from US agriculture,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 48 (2017), https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707322114.

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