Читать интересную книгу Как избежать климатических катастроф?: План Б 4.0: спасение цивилизации - Лестер Браун

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U. N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). “Soaring Food Prices: Facts, Perspectives, Impacts, and Actions Required” — доклад, представленный на Конференции высокого уровня по проблемам мировой продовольственной безопасности “Вызовы, порождаемые изменением климата, и биоэнергетика», Рим, 3–5 июня 2008 г.; данные о прежних ценах на пшеницу, кукурузу и соевые бобы взяты из интернет-публикации TFC Commodity Charts “Grain & Oilseed Commodities Futures”, где Чикагский совет торговли дает данные по фьючерсам (см. futures.tradingcharts.com/grains_oilseeds.html; просмотрены автором 16 января 2009 г.; текущие цены на пшеницу, кукурузу и соевые бобы взяты из интернет-публикации данных о фьючерсах Чикагского совета торговли, публикуемых CME Group в Commodity Products в разные даты (см. сайт www.cmegroup.com); цены на рис взяты из работы Натана Чайлдса и Кэтрин Волдуин Rice Oulook (Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Agriculture USDA), Economic Research Service (ERS) 11 June 2009), p. 26.

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Резолюция «Декларация тысячелетия ООН», принятая Генеральной Ассамблеей ООН 8 сентября 2008 г.; FAO, “1.02 Billion People Hungry”, press release (Rome: 19 June 2009).

5

U. N. Population Division. World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision Population Database. — см. esa.un.org/unpp, updated 11 March 2009.

6

USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution, электронная база данных, см. www.fas.usda.gov/psdonline, updated 12 May 2009; U. N. Population Division, op.cit, note 5.

7

Ward’s Automotive Group. World Motor Vehicle Data 2008 (Southfield, MI: 2008), pp.239–242; USDA, op. cit. note 6; F. O. Licht. “Too Much Too Soon? World Ethanol Production to Break Another Record in 2005”, World Enthanol and Biofuels Report, vol. 3, No. 20 (21 June 2005), pp. 429–435; U. S. Department of Energy (DOE), Energy Information Administration (EIA). “World Crude Oil Prices” и “U. S. All Grades All Formulations Retail Gasoline Prices” — см.: tonto.eia.doe.gov; просмотрены автором 31 июля 2007 г.

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Потери почвенного слоя пахотных угодий являются оценкой автора: USDA, op. cit. note 6; FAO, The State of Food and Agriculture 1995 (Rome: 1995), p. 175.

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Lester R. Brown. Outgrowing the Earth (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2004), pp. 101–102; Peter H. Gleik et al., The World’s Water 2004–2005 (Washington, DC: Island Press, 2004), p. 88; U. N. Population Division, op. cit. note 5; Andrew England, “Saudis to Phase Out Wheat Production”, Financial Times, 10 April 2008; John Briscoe, India’s Water Economy: Bracing for a Turbulent Future (New Delhi: World Bank, 2005); World Bank. China: Agenda for Water Sector Strategy for North China (Washington, DC: April 2001), pp. VII, XI.

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Shaobing Peng et al., “Rice Yields Decline with Higher Night Temperature from Global Warming”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 6 July 2004, pp. 9, 971–975; J. Hansen, NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies, “Global Temperature Anomalies in 0.1 C”, — см.: data. gies.nasa.gov/gistemp/tabledata/GLB. Ts.txt, updated April 2009; “Summary for Policymakers” in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Cambridge, U. K.: Cambridge University Press, 2007), p. 13.

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U. N. Environment Programme, Global Outlook for Ice and Snow (Nairobi: 2007); Lester R. Brown, “Melting Mountain Glaciers Will Shrink Grain Harvests in China and India”, Plan B Update (Washington, DC: Earth Policy Institute, 20 March 2008); USDA, op. cit. note 6.

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W. T. Pfeffer, J. T. Harper, and S. O’Neel, “Kinematic Constraints on Glacier Contributions to 21st-Century Sea-Level Rise”, Science, vol. 321 (5 September 2008), pp. 1, 340–343; James Hansen, “Scientific Reticence and Sea Level Rise”, Environmental Research Letters, vol. 2 (24 May 2007); Environmental Change and Forced Scenarios Project, “Preliminary Finds from the EACH-FOR Project on Environmentally Induced Migration” (September 2008), p. 16; U. N. Development Programme, Human Development Report 2007/2008 (New York: 2007), p. 100; World Bank, World Development Report 1999/2000 (New York: Oxford University Press, September 1999); USDA, op. cit. note 6; U. N. Population Division, op. cit. note 5.

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FAO, FISHSTAT Plus, electronic database — см. www.fao.org, updated February 2009.

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Wang Tao, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CAREERI), Chinese Academy of Sciences, сообщение, отправленное автору 4 апреля 2004 г.; Wang Tao, “The Process and Its Control of Sandy Desertification in Northern China”, CAREERI, Chinese Academy of Sciences, seminar on desertification, held in Lanzhou, China, May 2002; “Scientists Meeting in Tunes Called for Priority Activities to Curb Desertification”, UN News Service, 21 June 2006.

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Noel Gollehon and William Quinby, “Irrigation in the American West: Area, Water and Economic Activity”, Water Resources Development, vol. 16, No, 2 (2002), pp. 187–195; Sandra Postel, Last Oasis (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1997), p. 137: R. Srinivasan, “The Politics of Water”, Info Change Agenda, issue 3 (Octobert 2005); Water Strategist, various issues — см.: www.waterstrategist.com; “China Politics: Growing Tensions Over Scarce Water”, The Economist, 21 June 2004.

16

USDA, op. cit. note 6; данные за период до 1960 г. взяты из: USDA, in Worldwatch Institute, Signposts 2001, CD-ROM (Washington, DC: 2001).

17

USDA, op. cit note 6; данные за период до 1960 г. взяты из USDA, op. cit. Note 16.

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USDN, op. cit. note 6; Kenneth G. Cassman et al., “Meeting Cereal Demand While Protecting Natural Resources and Improving Environmental Quality”, Annual Review of Environment and Resources, November 2003, pp. 322, 350; Thomas R. Sinclair, “Limits to Crop Yield?” — в сборнике: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Physiology and Determination of Crop Yield (Madison, WIU: 1994), pp. 509–532.

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Peter M. Vitousek et al., “Human Appropriation of the Products of Photosynthesis”, BioScience, vol. 36, No. 6 (June 1986), pp. 368–373.

20

USDA, op. cit. note 6; U. N. Population Division, op. cit. note 5.

21

Financial Times, “In Depth: The Global Food Crisis” — см. www.ft.com/foodprices, updated 6 May 2008; USDA, op. cit. note 6.

22

Office of the President, Republic of the Philippines, “RP Assured of 1.5 Million Metric Tons of Rice Supply from Vietnam Annually”, press release (Manila: 26 March 2008); “Yemen to Seek Australian Food Cooperation”, WorldGrain.com, 19 May 2008; “Indonesia Set to Become Major Rice Exporter Next Year”, WorldGrain.com, 1 July 2008; “Bahrain to Own Rice Farms in Thailand”, TradeArabia, online business newswire, 30 May 2008; Javier Blas, “Nations Make Secret Deals Over Grain”, Financial Times, 10 April 2008; Maria Kolesnikova and Alaa Shahine, “Russia, Egypt Agree on Wheat Deals to Boost Shipments”, Bloomberg, 23 June 2009.

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GRAIN, Seized! The 2008 Land Grab for Food and Financial Security (Barcelona: October 2008); USDA, op. cit note 6; “Lybia Agrees Deal to Grow Wheat in Ukraine”, Reuters, 27 May 2009.

24

Joachim von Braun and Ruth Meinzen-Dick, “Land Grabbing” by Foreign Investors in Developing Countries, Policy Brief № 13 (Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, April 2009).

25

GRAIN, op. cit. note 23; von Braun and Meinzen-Dick, op. cit. note 24; “Buying Farmland Abroad: Outsourcing’s Third Wave”, The Economist, 21 May 2009.

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GRAIN, op. cit. note 23; “Land Deals in Africa and Asia: Cornering Foreign Fields”, The Economist, 21 May 2009; Javier Blas, “Saudis Get First Taste of Foreign Harvest”, Financial Times, 4 March 2009; “Saudi’s Hadco Eyes Sudan, Turkey in Food Security Push”, Reuters, 17 February 2009; U. N. World Food Programme, “Countries” — см.: www.wfp.org/counries, просмотрено автором 4 июня 2009 г.

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“Saudis Invest 1.3 Billion in Indonesian Agriculture”, Reuters, 24 March 2009; von Braun and Meinzen-Dick, op. cit. note 24.

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Von Braun and Meinzen-Dick, op. cit. note 24; USDA, op. cit. note 6; U. N. Population Division, op. cit note 5; “China ‘May Lease Foreign Fields”, BBC News, 29 April 2008; Gurbir Singh, “China is Buying Farm Lands Abroad to Ensure Food Supplies at Home”, Business World News (New Delhi, 16 May 2008; “China Eyes Russian Farmlands in Food Push”, Russia Today (Moscow), 11 May 2008; GRAIN, op. cit. note 23, p.3; “Govt to Lease Land for FDI in Agriculture”, Myanmar Times, 11–17 September 2006; U. N. World Food Programme, op. cit note 26.

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USDA, op. cit. note 6; GRAIN, op. cit. note 23, pp. 4, 5; “Buying Farmland Abroad”, op. cit. note 25; Javier Blas, “Hyundai Plants Seoul’s Flag on 50,000ha of Russia”, Financial Times, 15 April 2009.

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Erik Ansink and Arjan Ruijs, “Climate Change and the Stability of Water Allocation Agreements”, Fondazione Ene Enrico Mattei, Working Paper No. 16.2007 (February 2007), pp. 21–23.

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“Memorandum of Understanding on Construction of Agriculture Technology Transfer Center and Grain Production and Processing Base in the Philippines” — см.: www.newsbreak.com.ph/dmdocuments/special%20coverages/China%20Agri/Fuhua%20MOU.pdf, signed 15 January 2007; “China: Going Outward’ for Food Security”, Strator, 30 April 2008; Luzi Ann Javier, “China’s Appetite for Filipino Paddies Breeds Farmer Opposition”, Bloomberg, 21 February 2008; Tom Burgis and Javier Blas, “Madagascar Craps Daewoo Farm Deal”, Financial Times, 18 March 2009: “Zambia’s Opposition Condemns Reported Chinese Biofuels Project”, Earth Times, 2 April 2009.

32

GRAIN, op. cit note 23, p. 10; “Buying Farmland Abroad”, op. cit. note 25.

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Amena Bakr, “Pakistan Offers Farmland to Foreign Investors”, Reuters, 20 April 2009.

34

Michiyo Nakamoto and Javier Blas, “G8 Move to Halt ‘Farmland Grabbing”, Financial Times, 26 May 2009; von Braun and Meinzen-Dick, op. cit. note 24.

35

USDA, op. cit note 6; U. N. Population Division, op. cit. note 5.

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“Cereal Offenders”, The Economist, 27 May 2008; “Commodities Boom Recalls 70s Surge; Prices Not There Yet”, Dow Jones Newswires, 27 June 2008; Fred H. Sanderson, “The Great Food Fumble”, Science, vol. 188 (9 May 1975), pp. 503–509; U. S. Department of the Treasury, “Report on Foreign Holdings of U. S. Securities at End-June 2008”, press release (Washington, DC: 30 April 2009); U. S. Department of the Treasury, “Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities”; сведенные в таблицы текущие и прошлые данные см.: www.treasury.gov/tic, updated 16 January 2009.

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James Bandler and Nicholas Varchaver, “How Bernie Did It”, Fortune, vol. 159, No. 10 (11 May 2009); “The Madoff Affair: Going Down Quietly”, The Economist, 12 May 2009.

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Angus Maddison, “Statistics on World Population, GDP and Per Capita GDP, 1–2006 AD” — см.: www.ggdc.net/maddison, updated March 2009; Mathis Wackernagel et al., “Tracking the Ecological Overshoot of the Human Economy”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 99, No. 14 (9 July 2002), pp. 9, 266–271; Global Footprint Network, WWF, and Zoological Society of London, Living Planet Report 2008 (Gland, Switzerland: WWF, October 2008), p. 2.