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671
Keneally, Three Famines, p. 95.
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672
Bayly and Harper, Forgotten Armies, pp. 284–287.
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673
Frank Dikötter, Mao’s Great Famine: The History of China’s Most Devastating Catastrophe, 1958–1962 (London: Bloomsbury, 2017), p. 333; Andrew G. Walder, China Under Mao: A Revolution Derailed (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press), p. 173.
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674
Dali L. Yang, Calamity and Reform in China: State, Rural Society, and Institutional Change Since the Great Leap Famine (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1996).
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675
Xin Meng, Nancy Qian, and Pierre Yared, «The Institutional Causes of China’s Great Famine, 1959-61», NBER Working Paper No. 16361 (September 2010).
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676
Dikötter, Mao’s Great Famine, pp. 39f.
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677
Dikötter, Mao’s Great Famine, pp. 113f., 133
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678
Dikötter, Mao’s Great Famine, pp. 178ff., 276, 301f.
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679
Cormac Ó Gráda, «Eating People Is Wrong: Famine’s Darkest Secret?» in Eating People Is Wrong, pp. 11–37.
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680
Bengal statistics from Tim Dyson, Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day (Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press, 2018), and Stephen Devereux, «Famine in the Twentieth Century», IDS Working Paper 105 (2000). Ireland statistics from Joel Mokyr, Why Ireland Starved: A Quantitative and Analytical History of the Irish Economy, 1800–1850 (London: Allen & Unwin, 1983).
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681
Theodore M. Vestal, «Famine in Ethiopia: Crisis of Many Dimensions», Africa Today 32, no. 4 (1984), pp. 7-28.
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682
Mark R. Jury, «Climatic Determinants of March – May Rainfall Variability over Southeastern Ethiopia», Climate Research 66, no. 3 (December 2015), pp. 201–210.
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683
С 1964 по 1970 год Менгисту трижды побывал с визитом в США и прошел курсы подготовки офицеров на Складе сухопутных войск в Саванне, Иллинойс; на Испытательном полигоне в Абердине, Мэриленд; и в Общевойсковом центре армии США, Форт-Ливенворт, Канзас. Как сообщает один отчет, он столкнулся с расовыми предрассудками, и это никоим образом не внушило ему любви к капитализму и демократии. (Прим. авт.)
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684
Alex de Waal, Evil Days: Thirty Years of War and Famine in Ethiopia (New York and London: Human Rights Watch, 1991); Peter Gill, Fa mine and Foreigners: Ethiopia Since Live Aid (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010).
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685
Keneally, Three Famines, p. 125.
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686
David Rieff, «The Humanitarian Aid Industry’s Most Absurd Apologist», New Republic, November 28, 2010, https://newrepublic.com/article/79491/humanitarian-aid-industrys-most-absurd-apologist-geldof.
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687
Chandler Collier, «London Coal Fog of 1880», https://prezi.com/fbho-h7ba7f5/london-coal-fogof1880/.
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688
The Hon. R. Russell, London Fogs (Gloucester: Dodo Press, 2009 [1880]), pp. 5–6, https://www.victo rianlondon.org/weather/londonfogs.htm.
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689
Christopher Klein, «The Great Smog of 1952», History, December 5, 2012, updated August 22, 2018, https://www.history.com/news/the-killer-fog-that-blanketed-london60years-ago.
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690
Camila Domonoske, «Research on Chinese Haze Helps Crack Mystery of London’s Deadly 1952 Fog», The Two-Way, NPR, November 23, 2016, https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/23/503156414/researchonchinese-haze-helps-crack-mysteryoflondons-deadly-1952-fog; Jane Onyanga-Omara, «Mystery of London Fog That Killed 12,000 Finally Solved», USA Today, December 13, 2016, https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2016/12/13/scientists-say-theyve-solved-mystery-1952-london-killer-fog/95375738/.
(window.adrunTag = window.adrunTag || []).push({v: 1, el: 'adrun-4-390', c: 4, b: 390})
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691
Peter Thorsheim, Inventing Pollution: Coal, Smoke, and Culture in Britain Since 1800 (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2017), p. 161.
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692
H. Ross Anderson et al., «Health Effects of an Air Pollution Episode in London, December 1991», Thorax 50 (1995), pp. 1188–1193.
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693
Winston S. Churchill, The World Crisis, 1911–1914 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1923), p. 41.
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694
Давид Ллойд Джордж. Военные мемуары. Томы I–II / Пер. И. Звавича. М., 1934. Т. 1, гл. 2.
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695
David Lloyd George, War Memoirs, vol. I (London: Odhams Press, 1938), pp. 32, 34f. [На русском языке: Давид Ллойд Джордж. Военные мемуары / Пер. И. Звавича. М., Соцэкгиз, 1934. Т. 1. Гл. 2. С. 63, 65.]
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696
Samuel Hynes, A War Imagined: The First World War and English Culture (London: Pimlico, 1990), p. 106.
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697
Alan Clark, The Donkeys (London: Random House, 2011 [1961]); John Laffin, British Butchers and Bunglers of World War One (Stroud, UK: Sutton, 1992).
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698
John Terraine, Douglas Haig: The Educated Soldier (London: Cassell, 1963).
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699
Gary Sheffield, «An Exercise in Futility», History Today 66, no. 7 (2016), pp. 10–18. См. также: Gary Sheffield, The Somme (London: Cassell, 2003).
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700
William Philpott, Bloody Victory: The Sacrifice on the Somme and the Making of the Twentieth Century (London: Abacus, 2016).
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701
Gary Sheffield, The Chief: Douglas Haig and the British Army (London: Aurum Press, 2012) p. 166.
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702
Robin Prior and Trevor Wilson, Command on the Western Front: The Military Career of Sir Henry Rawlinson, 1914-18 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1992), p. 78.
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703
David French, «The Meaning of Attrition», English Historical Review 103, no. 407 (1986), p. 403.
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704
Trevor Wilson, The Myriad Faces of War: Britain and the Great War, 1914–1918 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), p. 309; Prior and Wilson, Command on the Western Front, pp. 150f.
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705
Sheffield, «Exercise in Futility.»
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706
Prior and Wilson, Command on the Western Front, pp. 153, 163–166.
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707
Ernst Jünger, The Storm of Steel: From the Diary of a German Storm-Troop Officer on the Western Front, trans. Basil Creighton (London: Chatto & Windus, 1929), pp. 92ff., 106f.
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708
John Terraine, The First World War (London: Secker and Warburg, 1984), p. 172.
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709
French, «Meaning of Attrition», p. 386.
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710
Niall Ferguson, The Pity of War: Understanding World War I (New York: Basic Books, 1998), pp. 332f.
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711
R. H. Tawney, «Some Reflections of a Soldier», in The Attack and Other Papers (London: Allen & Unwin, 1953).
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712
Nicholas Reeves, «Film Propaganda and Its Audience: The Example of Britain’s Official Films During the First World War», Journal of Contemporary History 18, no. 3 (1983), pp. 464–494.